Dynamic Universe model is a singularity free
tensor based math model. The tensors used are linear without using any
differential or integral equations. Only one calculated output set of values
exists. Data means properties of each
point mass like its three dimensional coordinates, velocities, accelerations
and it’s mass. Newtonian two-body problem used differential equations.
Einstein’s general relativity used tensors, which in turn unwrap into
differential equations. Dynamic Universe Model uses tensors that give simple
equations with inter-dependencies. Differential equations will not give unique
solutions. Whereas Dynamic Universe Model gives a unique solution of positions,
velocities and accelerations; for each point mass in the system for every
instant of time. This new method of Mathematics in Dynamic Universe Model is
different from all earlier methods of solving general N-body problem.
This universe exists now in the present
state, it existed earlier, and it will continue to exist in future also in a
similar way. All physical laws will work at any time and at any place.
Evidences for the three dimensional rotations or the dynamism of the universe
can be seen in the streaming motions of local group and local cluster. Here in
this dynamic universe, both the red shifted and blue shifted Galaxies co-exist
simultaneously.
In this Dynamic Universe Model, different
sets of point masses were taken at different 3 dimensional positions at
different distances. These masses were allowed to move according to the universal
gravitation force (UGF) acting on each mass at that instant of time at its
position. In other words each point mass is under the continuous and Dynamical
influence of all the other masses. For any N-body problem calculations, the
more accurate our input data the better will be the calculated results; one should
take extreme care, while collecting the input data. One may think that ‘these
are simulations of the Universe, taking 133 bodies is too less.’ But all these
masses are not same, some are star masses, some are Galaxy masses some clusters
of Galaxies situated at their appropriate distances. All these positions are
for their gravitational centres. The results of these simulation calculations
are taken here.
Here
in these simulations the universe is assumed to be heterogeneous and
anisotropic. From the output data graphs and pictures are formed from this
Model. These pictures show from the
random starting points to final stabilized orbits of the point masses
involved. Because of this dynamism
built in the model, the universe does not collapse into a lump (due to
Newtonian gravitational static forces). This Model depicts the three
dimensional orbit formations of involved masses or celestial bodies like in our
present universe. From the resulting graphs one can see the orbit formations of
the point masses, which were positioned randomly at the start. An orbit
formation means that some Galaxies are coming near (Blue shifted) and some are
going away (Red shifted) relative to an observer’s viewpoint.
Questions and Answers
By Forrest:
I’ll start out
my questions quickly.
Let’s start by
defining Blueshifted galaxies:
(The
difference) “between redshift and blueshift is simply a matter of whether z is
positive or negative.”Blueshifts (negative redshifts) are an observational
determination and nothing more. There can never be argument about their
existence or not. There observed quantities are not a matter of argument.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift
More
appropriately see the bolding font increase from wiki see below =snp
Redshift
From Wikipedia,
the free encyclopedia
This article is
about the astronomical phenomenon. For other uses, see Redshift
(disambiguation).
Absorption
lines in the optical spectrum of a supercluster of distant galaxies (right), as
compared to absorption lines in the optical spectrum of the Sun (left). Arrows
indicate redshift. Wavelength increases up towards the red and beyond
(frequency decreases).
In physics
(especially astrophysics), redshift happens when light seen coming from an
object that is moving away is proportionally increased in wavelength, or
shifted to the redend of the spectrum. More generally, where an observer
detects electromagnetic radiationoutside the visible spectrum,
"redder" amounts to a technical shorthand for "increase in
electromagnetic wavelength" — which also implies lower frequency and
photon energy in accord with, respectively, the wave and quantum theories of
light.
Blueshift
From Wikipedia,
the free encyclopedia(Redirected from Blue shift)
This article is
about the physical phenomenon. The term is also used informally in
photochemistry to refer to a hypsochromic shift. For other uses of
"blueshift" or "blue shift", see blueshift
(disambiguation).
Doppler
redshift and blueshift
A blueshift is
any decrease in wavelength (increase in frequency); the opposite effect is
referred to as redshift. In visible light, this shifts the colour from the red
end of the spectrum to the blue end. The term also applies when photons outside
the visible spectrum (e.g. x-rays and radio waves) are shifted toward shorter
wavelengths, as well as to shifts in the de Broglie wavelength of particles.
Blueshift is most commonly caused by relative motion toward the observer,
described by the Doppler effect. An observer in a gravity well will also see
infalling radiation gravitationally blueshifted, described by General
Relativity in the same way as gravitational redshift. In a contracting
universe, cosmological blueshift would be observed; the expanding universe
gives a cosmological redshift, and the expansion is observed to be
accelerating.
By Forrest:
How many blue
shifted galaxies are there?
(There are)
“almost 7,000 blue-shifted galaxies listed in the NED1 web site. Being
blue-shifted means that they are approaching the earth. The velocities ranges
from just-above-zero to 8000 km/sec. The vast majority of velocities is less
than 200 km/sec.”
http://fittedplane.blogspot.com/2009/12/blue-shifted-galaxies-there-are-more.html
That’s true=snp
By Forrest:
There are
estimated to be about 50,000 galaxies in the Virgo supercluster of which the
local group is a part . These galaxies first orbit in their local groups and
then mutually orbit their collective center of gravity. In the course of their orbital motions some
seemingly will certainly be coming toward us rather than away from us. The
number of galaxies is accordingly 7,000
galaxies and counting. I could not find
any blue shifted galaxies beyond 100 million light years so maybe there are no
Blueshifted galaxies beyond the local supercluster (Virgo).
http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/virgo.html
Previously they
thought Andromeda is the limiting Galaxy, Here Virgo supercluster is the limit.
Some where I saw something I saw something beyond also. Here in this book I
showed Q3C273 is blue shifted and it is at a distance of 2.5 Billion ly, which
is 1/5th of Bigbang age in years. =snp
=============
By Forrest:
Although you
know I believe the BB model is wrong, theorists assert that space itself is
expanding but gravity compensates for it in local groups and maybe
superclusters. So seemingly the BB model seemingly could explain the observed
extent of Blueshifted galaxies observed.
There are few
questions here.
1. What is the
size of the local groups in BB model?
2. If gravity
is accepted locally, why it is not considered outside?
3. What powers
up space expansion?
4. How can
space pull away the Galaxies with it? Is it some glue?
=snp
====================
Forrest wrote:
snp,
your definition
of redshifts:
"In
physics (especially astrophysics), redshift happens when light seen coming from
an object that is moving away is proportionally increased in wavelength, or
shifted to the red end of the spectrum."
I don't think
this is a good definition for your "redshift" of spectra. Instead I
think your definition for "redshift" should be like your blueshift
definition:
"A
blueshift is any decrease in wavelength (increase in frequency); the opposite
effect is referred to as redshift. In visible light, this shifts the colour
from the red end of the spectrum to the blue end."
I understand
your definition of "redshift" is in accord with many BB explanations
of redshift but I think this definition is limited to only one possible cause
for it. Instead I think the general idea for your definition of
"redshift" should be:
It is not my
redshift / blueshift definition. It is Doppler redshift similar to sound
observations in Newtonian physics. I just followed it. This is definition from
wikipedia. =snp
=============
Forrest wrote:
A redshift is
an increase in the wavelength and a decrease in the frequency of EM radiation
emanating from extra-galactic sources . In the visible spectra it is a shift of
the spectra from its normal appearance, toward a redder appearing colour. For
other spectra it involves the lengthening of the observed frequencies' wavelength. A moving source is only one possible cause
for a redshift, expanding space, another, gravitational redshifts, the
diminution of matter, intrinsic redshifts of many possible kinds, aether drag,
dark matter, dark energy, Higg's particle influences, etc etc, etc.
In Dynamic
Universe model expanding space, the
diminution of matter, intrinsic redshifts of many possible kinds, aether drag,
dark matter, dark energy, Higg's particle influences, etc. are not
supported....No speculations...only experimental results are followed...=snp
==============
Forrest wrote:
All kinds of
possible causes for redshifts and blueshifts. Your redshift the original
redshift definition and is based upon the BB model (moving galaxies) and
interpretations of galactic redshifts concerning the expanding space
hypothesis, which is only one hypothetical cause for the observed redshifts. I
think your definition for redshifts and blueshifts should not exclude any
possible causes, without mentioning any in particular. Your blueshift
definition, is better, in my opinion.
I am Just
following Wikipedia definition. Ok.=snp
============
Forrest Wrote:
I checked out:
"Quasar
Q3C273 is the most famous, most studied, nearest and most luminous of all the
quasars discovered."
Its recessional
velocity is measured as 0.14565c and its observed recessional redshift as
z(m)=0.1580.
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/Wave-Structure-Matter/message/7267
It has a
measured redshift of z = .1580 -- so it
seemingly would be incorrect to say it has a quasar with a blueshift. As I said
in my last posting, it could have "blueshifting" of its spectra but
it does not have a blueshift to its observed spectra. Of course I will read
about it in your book. :)
Tony Bear's
report in the webpage refers to the same old measurement by Dr. M.Schmidt in
1963 about 3C273. Nothing new. =snp
===========
Forrest wrote:
Hi again snp,
It seems to me right now that aside
from your equations, the crux of your Dynamic Universe model and related
arguments involve this statement:
"So in
this model both red shift and blue shift of galaxies are possible
simultaneously in all directions and at all distances from us."
As I mentioned
before galaxies are either redshifted or slightly blueshifted. There is usually
no question at all to it and it is not arguable. since redshifting and
blueshifting are measurements. There are only about 7,000 blue shifted galaxies
and none beyond a distance of 100 million light years -- none beyond the local
supercluster Virgo. Your statement says:
"....in all directions and at all distances."
There are no
accepted/ recognized blueshifted quasars. Maybe for one percent of the galaxies
there may be a problem of the exact determination of its redshift because
absorption lines within the spectra are not distinct enough. Maybe a little
higher percentage of quasars could be misinterpreted concerning the exact
extent of their redshifts.
Blue shifted
quasars not limited to one in thousands. All the quasars, UV, x-ray and Gamma
ray quasars / Galaxies are also Blue shifted. I don’t have manpower or
computing facilities all the data for all these Millions of such objects. You
can give some random object from these categories and I am confident that I can
show that one as Blue shifted. Quasars exist at all distances… I am trying
another quasar also. I will tell you soon about it’s result.=snp
============
Forrest said:
As your book
explains, most galaxies and quasars have a wide range of spectra. When they do
not have this range, in some cases, then it might be possible to misinterpret a
blueshifted galaxy as being redshifted, but this might only be one in a
thousand galaxies.
When the object
don’t have a wide range of spectra from these categories that cannot be shown
as Blue shifted, this is to be studied further =snp
Forrest Wrote:
Not only can
they almost always find the hydrogen spectra omission lines within the total
spectra, it is almost always the most prominent and easiest to recognize. It is
therefore much easier to find other elements based upon the relative position
of hydrogen within the spectral omission lines.
My question is
this, what do local blueshifted galaxies (100 million LY or less) have to do
with the universe as a whole. Yes the local super cluster is asserted to be
rotating but this fact is believed to be generally meaningless as far as the
big picture of the universe is concerned.
Local super cluster
size is not limited 100 Mly now you may please check . I think it is 2.5 Gly…
=snp
==========
Forrest wrote:
In the same way blueshifted galaxies seemingly
would be insignificant? So what is the
point of blueshifting galaxies?
To my
recollection you think the whole universe is rotating relative to itself?
Whole universe
may not be visible to us today with the existing Telescopes. With the advent of
new telescopes and technologies there will be new horizons. =snp
=========
Forrest wrote:
What do you
think the evidence is to support a rotating universe if blueshifting is only a
local phenomena
Evidences can
be many…
1. Our SUN
position is not the centre of universe. This is indicated by almost random
positioning of the Red and Blue shifted Galaxies.
2. For the
longer distances we cannot see the peculiar motions. We can see only red or
blue shift only...Even as local phenomena, we can see only blue or red shift
only, because of large distance of any ext Galaxy. No rotation at any distance
may not be visible.
3. Whole universe
may not be visible to us today with the existing Telescopes.
4. Local super
cluster size is not limited 100 Mly now you may please check . I think it is
2.5 Gly 1/5th of Bigbang age…
=========
Forrest wrote:
One point I
think may be relevant concerning my opinion: Although to date there have been
no accepted mainstream/consensus interpretations of observations of quasars
having small redshifts or blueshifts, the spectra of a number of them and there
absorption/ emission lines are ambiguous and I realize that some may later be
reinterpreted by the mainstream as being blueshift quasars.
Thank you Forrest, Let’s wait for
the results…
