Dynamic Universe Model as a Universe model:
Part1: Thinking and Reproducing Universe or Mindless Universe? (Galaxy life cycle)…
Part2: Energy – Mass - Energy Cycle
Energy is produced by stars. Matter consisting of many elements and
compounds. Both of these are maintaining balance and sustenance. There is
energy, there is matter and there are Galaxies and Stars in the universe. None
of these quantities ever goes up or down, a balance is always maintained.
According to Dynamic Universe Model none of the above dominates the Universe.
No energy dominated era, No matter Dominated era, always there is balance; and
the balance is maintained dynamically ever. The Universe stays like this for
ever. Some Galaxies may quench, new Galaxies may bourn but the Universe as a
whole will stay in this condition without any birth or death. With these
concepts the author makes a small scientific attempt to explain how all these
processes will be possible with in the per-view of Vak’s Dynamic Universe model
of Cosmology.
This book is based on three main papers
that are published by the author and many other papers published by many others
scientists and Astrophysicists. And as a matter of fact, ninety nine percent of
the concepts in this book are well published already by many authors in the
world including me.
In this book the author tries to cover the
some of the main processes of the Universe. Tries to visualize the “Dynamic
Universe Model” as a Universe model. What are these processes? Three main processes
are identified in this book. Three parts of this book describe these main
processes.
The Galaxies in the Universe took birth at
different times. Many Papers were published telling that the Galaxies have ages
as long as 46 billion years to as low as 10 billion years. If Bigbang is having
age of 13.8 billion years, why so many different ages? Some Galaxies have very
high age and some have lower age? This process is covered in “Part1: Thinking
and Reproducing Universe or Mindless Universe? (Galaxy life cycle) …” The main
principle in this part1 is whatever takes birth in the Universe will die sooner
or later. See the paper “Distances, Locations, Ages and Reproduction of
Galaxies in our Dynamic Universe” in this part.
We see all the stars burning fuel and
radiating energy, and slowly they die out and go to the outer rims of Galaxies.
New stars take birth in star forming clouds of the Galaxies. Who will give the
matter to these areas for formation of new stars? What is the process? Will all
the energy produced by the stars spread out go into nowhere, or to some outer
space? Dynamic Universe Model proposes a CLOSED universe model that no energy
goes out, and covering these areas and proposes another process, a missing link
“How the energy is transformed back to matter in “Part2: Energy – Mass - Energy Cycle”
The matter so condensed from energy will be
in the form of some nucleons like neutrinos, electrons or positrons. From these
various elements are formed and various compounds are formed. You will find the
discussion on these processes which happen mostly inside stars and in the core
of the planets. These processes are dealt in Part3: Nucleosynthesis and Bio-
Intelligence origins---
The author published three papers covering
each part, describes the process which is leading in that part. This book
provides the links between all these well published material through this Vak’s
Dynamic Universe Model of Cosmology. This book will try to cover all the gray
areas and missing links in the published material and papers.
This is the Eighth
book in the series on Dynamic Universe Model: SITA.
Newtonian two-body
problem used differential equations. Einstein’s general relativity used
tensors, which in turn unwrap into differential equations. Dynamic Universe
Model uses tensors that give simple equations with interdependencies.
Differential equations will not give unique solutions. Whereas Dynamic Universe
Model gives a unique solution of positions, velocities and accelerations; for
each point mass in the system for every instant of time. This new method of
Mathematics in Dynamic Universe Model is different from all earlier methods of
solving general N-body problem.
This universe exists
now in the present state, it existed earlier, and it will continue to exist in
future also in a similar way. All physical laws will work at any time and at
any place. Evidences for the three dimensional rotations or the dynamism of the
universe can be seen in the streaming motions of local group and local cluster.
Here in this dynamic universe, both the red shifted and blue shifted Galaxies
co-exist simultaneously.
A point to be noted here is that the
Dynamic Universe Model never reduces to General relativity on any condition. It
uses a different type of mathematics based on Newtonian physics. This
mathematics used here is simple and straightforward. As there are no
differential equations present in Dynamic Universe Model, the set of equations
give single solution in x y z Cartesian coordinates for every point mass for
every time step. All the mathematics and the Excel based software details are
explained in the three books published by the author14, 15, 16 In
the first book, the solution to N-body problem-called Dynamic Universe Model
(SITA) is presented; which is singularity-free, inter-body collision free and
dynamically stable. This is the Basic Theory of Dynamic Universe Model
published in 2010 14. The second book in the series describes the
SITA software in EXCEL emphasizing the singularity free portions. It explains
more than 21,000 different equations (2011)15. The third book
describes the SITA software in EXCEL in the accompanying CD / DVD emphasizing
mainly HANDS ON usage of a simplified version in an easy way. The third book
contains explanation for 3000 equations instead of earlier 21000 (2011)16.
SITA
solution can be used in many places like presently unsolved applications like
Pioneer anomaly at the Solar system level, Missing mass due to Star circular
velocities and Galaxy disk formation at Galaxy level etc. Here we are using it
for prediction of blue shifted Galaxies.
Dynamic Universe model does NOT depend on
speculation. It is based on hard observed facts. I am writing these sentences
especially as cosmology is becoming more and more speculative today.
Many authors from all over the world from FQXi
forums and others asked questions about the three papers which form the
backbone of this book. There are some repetitions and duplications of my
answers. In some places I continued these repetitions for the sake of brevity
of situation and in some places, I left them due to ignorance. I am sorry…..
The Universe
also must have life or some form of intelligence of its own"…. was
mentioned by Prof Shaikh Raisuddin while reviewing one of the papers by the
author “Distances, Locations, Ages and Reproduction of Galaxies in our Dynamic
Universe” presented here in this book.
Ponder on an
example….
You take the
attraction between a boy and girl in their youth in human society. They love
each other, marry and give birth to children. The couple work for children,
their upkeep, education and their health etc. Everybody does this. Enjoy the
old age and go away, it is natural…….
But if anyone
(male or female) sits peacefully & silently and think a little, understands
that this whole thing is “MAYA” as said in Hindu philosophy. It is all nothing
but some kind of magic that forces one to this work (MAYA). All these are ties and handcuffs making one
as prisoner to do this family work and REPRODUCTION.
So the
immediate thinking comes to our thinker, is why should I do all these work. I
will resign and sit back and do nothing. As because, it is not profitable to
anyone, why should anyone do anything about this REPRODUCTION, which involves
large amount of work, which is not beneficial…………..
Now the question
comes who gets benefit and who is forcing us to do all these REPRODUCTIONS? Who
created the ATTRACTION between boy and girl? and why? Who wants us to do all
these things? It is probably the GOD or the Mother Nature. They created the
attraction between boy and girl. Not only in humans, but in other animals also
had these instincts. So the God and
Mother Nature are FORCING even the Universe to REPRODUCE. They know perfectly
well nothing is permanent in this Universe …..!!!!!!
Best regards
=snp.
